Supplemental notes (111)

Structure of molecules

The shape of molecules and the valence bond theory. (Chapter 10 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1 : Geometry vs Lewis Structures (how to describe geometry starting with a simple 2D Lewis structure)
  2. Pack 2 : Polarity and Geometry (how to tell if a molecule is polar)
  3. Pack 3 : Valence Bond Theory (how to describe the bonding in a molecule using valence bond theory)

Structure of molecules vs. molecular properties

The properties of liquids and solids. (Chapter 11 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1 : The Three Phases of Matter and Phase Transitions (a microscopic picture of the three phases of matter and an explanation of how phase changes work)
  2. Pack 2 : Phase Diagrams (how to read a phase diagram)
  3. Pack 3 : Liquids and their Properties (intermolecular forces and how they affect liquid properties)
  4. Pack 4 : Solids and their Properties (how to classify solids and relate the classification to solid properties)

Solutions

The unique properties of mixtures of substances. (Chapter 12 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1 : Solutions: Definition and Concentration (what is a
    solution? Molarity, molality, mass percentage, and mole fraction)
  2. Pack 2 : Solubility: How Things Dissolve (what is solubility?
    A look into the solution process)
  3. Pack 3 : Solutions: Types of Solutions (molecular and ionic solutions)
  4. Pack 4 : Colligative Properties (unique properties of solutions
  5. Supplement : Molarity calculations. (a note pack from the previous course discussing some molarity calculations. If you haven’t done chemical calculations in a while, read it.

The speed of reactions.

Kinetics: How fast do reactions occur? (Chapter 13 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1 : An Introduction to Kinetics (what is kinetics? How can we influence the rate of a chemical reaction?)

Equilibrium basics

Reactions can proceed forwards and backwards, leading to an equilibrium. (Chapter 14 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1 : An Introduction to Chemical Equilibria (what is chemical equilibrium? What is the equilibrium constant, and how do we express it? What can the equilibrium constant tell us?)
  2. Pack 2 : Equilibrium Calculations (how do I calculate equilibrium concentrations from the equilibrium constant?)
  3. Pack 3 : Influencing Equilibrium (how can I change an equilibrium to make it produce what I want? What factors influence chemical equilibrium?)

Understanding the interactions between acids and bases

Acid-Base reactions and the pH scale. (Chapter 15 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1 : Definitions of Acids and Bases (why are there three common definitions? What are they, and how can we apply them to explain real chemistry?)
  2. Pack 2 : Strong and Weak Acids and Bases (what’s the difference between strong and weak acids/bases?)
  3. Pack 3 : The Water Equilibrium and pH (what is pH? What is the water equilibrium? How is it affected by strong acids and bases?)

Understanding the interactions between acids and bases

Equilibrium behavior of acids, bases, and salts. (Chapter 16 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1: Equilibria of Weak Acids and Bases (how can I determine the pH of a weak acid or weak base solution?)
  2. Pack 2: The pH of Salt Solutions (how can I determine the pH of a soultion of a salt? How can I tell if a salt has acidic or basic properties?)
  3. Pack 3: The Common-ion Effect and Buffer Solutions (what is the common-ion effect? What are buffer solutions and why are they useful? How can I calculate the pH of a buffer?)
  4. Pack 4: The Degree of Ionization (what is the degree of ionization? How is it calculated?)
  5. Pack 5: Acid-Base Titrations (how are indicators for titrations chosen? What happens to the pH during a titrtion?

Solubility

The solubility of chemical compounds is also an equilibrium process. (Chapter 17 in the textbook)

  1. Pack 1 : Equilibrium and Solubility (how can the solubility of so-called insoluble compounds be treated as an equilibrium process? What is a solubility product constant? What factors can change the solubility of a salt?)
  2. Pack 2 : Solubility Calculations (Calculating the solubility of a salt in ppm and calculating the Ksp from solubility data)